Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive condition in which the kidneys gradually lose their ability to filter waste, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood. Often silent in the early stages, CKD can eventually lead to kidney failure if not diagnosed and managed in time. As a Consultant Nephrologist and Transplant Specialist based in Viman Nagar, Pune, Dr. Bhupeshkumar Kaware aims to raise awareness about this serious yet manageable condition.
What Is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
CKD refers to long-term damage to the kidneys that worsens over time. It’s defined by a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or evidence of kidney damage (such as protein in urine) lasting for more than three months. When kidney function drops below 15% of normal capacity, it is classified as end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), which requires dialysis or a kidney transplant.
Common Causes of CKD
Several conditions can lead to chronic kidney damage. The most common causes include:
- Diabetes (Type 1 and 2) – High blood sugar levels damage kidney filters over time.
- Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) – Puts extra strain on kidney blood vessels, reducing efficiency.
- Glomerulonephritis – Inflammation of the kidney’s filtering units.
- Polycystic Kidney Disease – A genetic disorder causing fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys.
- Recurrent Kidney Infections or Obstruction – Long-term damage from infections, kidney stones, or enlarged prostate.
Other risk factors include a family history of kidney disease, aging, obesity, smoking, and cardiovascular disease.
Stages of CKD
CKD is classified into five stages based on GFR levels, which reflect how well the kidneys are filtering:
Stage 1: Kidney damage with normal GFR (90 or above) – often no symptoms, but early markers like protein in urine may appear.
Stage 2: Mild reduction in kidney function (GFR 60–89) – subtle signs, requiring lifestyle changes and monitoring.
Stage 3a & 3b: Moderate decline (GFR 30–59) – symptoms may begin (fatigue, swelling, high BP).
Stage 4: Severe reduction (GFR 15–29) – advanced symptoms; preparation for dialysis or transplant begins.
Stage 5: Kidney failure (GFR below 15) – dialysis or kidney transplant is essential to sustain life.
Symptoms of CKD
Early stages of CKD may be silent. As it progresses, you may notice:
- Fatigue and weakness
- Swelling in legs, ankles, or face
- High blood pressure
- Nausea, vomiting
- Decreased appetite
- Changes in urination (more or less frequent, frothy or bloody urine)
- Itching and dry skin
- Shortness of breath
QDiagnosis and Monitoring
CKD is often detected through:
- Blood Tests: To measure creatinine and estimate GFR.
- Urine Tests: To detect protein or blood in urine.
- Imaging: Ultrasound or CT scans to assess kidney size and structure.
- Kidney Biopsy (in selected cases): To determine the cause of kidney damage.
Regular monitoring is crucial for early intervention and slowing disease progression.
Treatment Options for CKD
While CKD is not reversible, timely treatment can slow its progression and manage complications:
1. Lifestyle Changes
- Controlling diabetes and blood pressure
- Following a kidney-friendly diet (low sodium, controlled protein, and potassium)
- Staying physically active and avoiding smoking
2. Medications
- ACE inhibitors or ARBs to protect kidney function
- Diuretics to manage fluid retention
- Phosphate binders, erythropoietin, and other medications for complications
3. Dialysis
When kidney function falls below 15%, dialysis may be required to remove waste and excess fluids. There are two main types:
- Hemodialysis (typically done in a center)
- Peritoneal dialysis (can be done at home)
4. Kidney Transplant
A kidney transplant is the most definitive treatment for end-stage kidney disease. It restores normal kidney function and improves quality of life. As a transplant specialist, Dr. Bhupeshkumar Kaware offers comprehensive evaluation and guidance for patients considering this option.
Preventing and Slowing CKD
The key to managing CKD lies in early detection, routine checkups, and prompt treatment of underlying conditions. Patients with diabetes, hypertension, or a family history of kidney disease should get regular kidney function tests even if no symptoms are present.
When to Consult a Nephrologist?
You should consult a nephrologist if you experience:
- Persistent swelling
- Uncontrolled blood pressure despite medications
- Abnormal urine tests
- Declining kidney function
- Signs of fluid overload or electrolyte imbalance
Chronic Kidney Disease is a serious condition, but with the right care and timely medical intervention, its progression can be significantly delayed. If you or a loved one is at risk or showing signs of kidney dysfunction, consult a specialist early.
For expert diagnosis and comprehensive kidney care in Pune, book a consultation with Dr. Bhupeshkumar Kaware, Consultant Nephrologist & Transplant Physician at Viman Nagar.
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